The Role of the Back Cut: How This Final Step Determines Success or Failure
Felling a tree requires precision, and while the notch directs the fall, it’s the back cut that determines when and how the tree finally comes down. This crucial step can make the difference between a controlled fall and a dangerous, unpredictable situation.
In this article, we’ll explore the purpose of the back cut, the different methods used, and the consequences of improper execution.
What Is the Back Cut and Why Does It Matter?
The back cut is the final cut made on the opposite side of the notch. It works in combination with the notch to guide the tree’s fall, allowing the tree to begin its descent in a controlled manner.
A properly executed back cut ensures that:
The tree falls in the intended direction.
The hinge remains intact, controlling the speed and movement of the fall.
The risk of the tree kicking back or splitting is minimized.
If the back cut is made incorrectly, the tree may fall unpredictably, creating serious safety hazards.
How to Make a Proper Back Cut
The back cut must be placed at the correct height relative to the notch to create an effective hinge. The general rule is that the back cut should be made slightly higher than the bottom of the notch. This small elevation difference prevents the tree from falling backward and ensures a clean, controlled descent.
Steps to Execute a Back Cut Safely:
Stand on the side of the tree opposite the notch, ensuring you have a clear escape route.
Begin cutting slightly higher than the notch’s bottom edge to maintain a functioning hinge.
Stop cutting before reaching the notch, leaving a portion of uncut wood as the hinge.
As the tree begins to tip, retreat safely along your escape path.
A correctly placed back cut allows the tree to pivot along the hinge while maintaining control over its movement.
Common Back Cut Mistakes and Their Consequences
Several errors can compromise the effectiveness of the back cut, leading to dangerous outcomes.
Cutting Too Low
If the back cut is lower than the notch, the tree may fall backward or split unpredictably.
This can cause the trunk to shift violently or the tree to land in an unintended direction.
Cutting Too High
A back cut placed too high reduces the effectiveness of the hinge, causing the tree to fall too quickly.
The loss of control increases the risk of damage to surrounding structures and injury to the person felling the tree.
Severing the Hinge Completely
If the back cut fully removes the hinge, the tree may twist or fall unpredictably.
The hinge must remain intact until the tree is nearly on the ground to ensure a smooth fall.
Making the Back Cut Uneven
An angled or uneven back cut can lead to unintended shifts in the tree’s movement.
A straight, level back cut is crucial for a balanced and controlled fall.
How Different Tree Felling Cuts Affect the Back Cut
The type of notch used influences the placement and effectiveness of the back cut.
Open-Faced Notch: Requires a precise back cut to maintain control, allowing for a slow and gradual fall.
Conventional Notch: A higher degree of control is needed in the back cut, as this method relies more on the hinge for direction.
Humboldt Notch: The back cut plays an even greater role in controlling the fall due to the inverted wedge shape.
Regardless of the notch type, a well-executed back cut ensures that the tree falls smoothly and in the intended direction.
Safety Considerations When Making a Back Cut
Tree felling is a high-risk activity, and the back cut is one of the most critical steps in the process. Before making the final cut, it is essential to:
Assess the tree’s lean and weight distribution.
Identify potential obstacles in the fall zone.
Wear proper safety gear, including helmets, eye protection, and chainsaw chaps.
Plan an escape route before the tree begins to fall.
Even experienced professionals approach tree felling with caution, knowing that mistakes in the back cut can lead to severe consequences.
Always Prioritize Safety: Consult a Professional
While understanding the mechanics of tree felling is important, performing the task safely requires skill, experience, and the right equipment. Incorrectly executed cuts can result in property damage, serious injury, or even fatalities.
Disclaimer:
This article is for informational purposes only and does not serve as professional guidance for tree felling. Tree cutting is dangerous and should only be performed by trained professionals. If you need a tree removed, seek the assistance of a certified arborist.
